ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze and compare the difference of volatile components between Trifolium pratense and T. repens seeds.Method: The volatile components were extracted by the headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),and the relative contents of the components were calculated by the area normalization method.Result: Fourty six compounds were identified in the seeds of T. pratense,with a total peak area of 3.48×109 for the volatile components. The compounds with high content in this species were 1-octen-3-ol (30.24%),1-hexanol (11.94%),heptane,2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl (11.00%),nonanal (7.74%),octanal (6.79%) and hexanoic acid (6.04%). 44 compounds were identified from the seeds of T. repens,with a total peak area of 6.37×109 for the volatile components. The compounds with high content in this species were 1-octen-3-ol (42.98%),heptadecane (14.47%),3-octanol (9.42%),n-caproic acid vinyl ester (8.82%) and pyrimidine-4,6-diol,5-methyl (6.59%). 20 components were commonly shared in the seeds of T. pratense and T. repens,but the content of each component was quite different. 1-octen-3-ol had the highest content in the common components. T. pratense seeds had 26 unique components,accounting for 54.85%of volatile components. T. repens seeds had 24 unique components,accounting for 46.79%of volatile components.Conclusion: The seeds of both T. pratense and T. repens have rich volatile components,but there are great difference in the variety,peak area and relative content of the volatile components between these two varieties
ABSTRACT
Objective To summarize the cerebral protective effect of selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) technique in aortic arch reconstruction procedure in infants,so as to alleviate brain injury during operation.Methods From Sep.2009 to Sep.2011,17 infants underwent aortic arch reconstruction procedure with SCP in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University.Median age at operation was (3.5 ±4.2) months(range 1-16 months),median weight was (4.6 ± 1.5) kg(range 3.5-9.5 kg).Seven suffered from interrupted aortic with intracardiac anomaly,and 10 suffered from aortic coarctation with intracardiac anomaly.Temperature of nasopharynx was decreased slowly to 18-20 ℃,temperature of rectum was decreased slowly to 20-22 ℃.Then the arterial cannula was moved upward into innominate artery to perform SCP.The flow rate of SCP was 30-40 mL/(kg · min).Myocardial protection was established with single-dose cold constable's protection fluid (HTK solution).During extracorporeal circulation,all patients underwent conventional ultrafiltration and modified ultrafiltration to achieve a satisfactory hematocrit.Results Mean extracorporeal circulation time was (113.1 ±36.5) minutes(71-190 minutes),mean aortic clamp time was (51.9 ±20.7) minutes (34-107 minutes),and mean SCP time was (24.0 ± 19.7) minutes (4-56 minutes).The spontaneous re-beating rate was 100％.Mean regain consciousness time was 6-8 hours.Mean intubation time in intensive care unit was (164.3 ±63.2) hours(22-305 hours),mean ICU stay time was (252.7 ± 128.3) hours(72-605 hours).One infant died from serious lung infection at the 12th day after operation.There was no neurological complication in all infants.No obvious neurologic complication was observed and no abnormal electroencephalogram was observed in 16 survivals.Conclusion SCP is helpful to alleviate brain injury during operation and it is a feasible and effective technique in aortic arch reconstruction procedure in infants.